What does juxtamembrane mean?

juxtamembrane (not comparable) (biology) adjacent to a membrane on one side of it.

What is juxtamembrane domain?

Abstract. The transmembrane (TM) and juxtamembrane (JM) regions of the ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases connect the extracellular ligand-binding domain to the intracellular kinase domain.

What does the kinase domain do?

The protein kinase domain is a structurally conserved protein domain containing the catalytic function of protein kinases. Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that move a phosphate group onto proteins, in a process called phosphorylation….

How many proteins are targeted by phosphorylation?

Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become either activated or deactivated, or otherwise modifying its function. Approximately 13000 human proteins have sites that are phosphorylated.

What is catalytic domain?

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction. Year introduced: 1999.

How does protein kinase A work?

Protein kinase A phosphorylates substrates in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Protein kinase A phosphorylates and thereby changes the activity of a number of important molecules.

What are protein phosphatases and why are they so important?

Protein phosphatases (PPs) control a large number of signaling processes in plants, and their inhibition disrupts many cellular processes, leading to death.

Why are protein phosphorylation cascades important?

Protein phosphorylation is a mechanism of regulation that is extremely important in most cellular processes such as protein synthesis, cell division, signal transduction, cell growth, development and aging as many enzymes and receptors are activated and deactivated via phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events due to …

What causes phosphorylation?

For example, phosphorylation is activated by stimuli such as epigenetic modifications, cytogenetic alterations, genetic mutations or the tumor micro-environment. Consequently, the protein receives a phosphate group by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and due to enzymatic activity of kinase.

Why is phosphorylation important?

Phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways. Phosphorylation is the most common mechanism of regulating protein function and transmitting signals throughout the cell.