Is MyD88 an adapter protein?

MyD88 is an adaptor protein in the hToll/IL-1 receptor family signaling pathways. Mol Cell.

Where are IL-1 receptors located?

IL-1 acts on target cells by binding with high affinity (Kd of 10−10 m) to IL-1 type I receptors. Type I receptors are found on T cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, fibroblasts and keratinocytes, whereas type II receptors appear to have a more restricted distribution.

What does IL-1 cytokine do?

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are key signaling molecules in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, mediating inflammation in response to a wide range of stimuli. The basic mechanism of signal initiation is a stepwise process in which an agonist cytokine binds its cognate receptor.

What is MYD88 mutation?

MYD88 mutation is the most common genetic abnormality in the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), detected in 40% of cases. Mutations are rare in the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtype, so mutation analysis can be useful to differentiate between the ABC and GCB subtypes.

What is MYD88 adaptor?

Collapse Section. The MYD88 gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in signaling within immune cells. The MyD88 protein acts as an adapter, connecting proteins that receive signals from outside the cell to the proteins that relay signals inside the cell.

What causes MYD88 mutation?

The most common infections in MyD88 deficiency are caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Most people with this condition have their first bacterial infection before age 2, and the infections can be life-threatening in infancy and childhood.

What is MYD88 testing?

The MYD88 L265P mutation has been identified in the majority of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and is useful in differentiating LPL from other low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that may be considered in the differential diagnosis.

What is the MyD88 adaptor for inflammatory signaling?

Abstract MyD88 is the canonical adaptor for inflammatory signaling pathways downstream of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor families. MyD88 links IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) or TLR family members to IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family kinases via homotypic protein-protein interaction.

What is the role of MyD88 in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis?

MyD88, the common adapter involved in TLR, IL-1, and IL-18 receptor signaling, is essential for the control of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Although TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 have been implicated in the response to mycobacteria, gene disruption for these TLRs impairs only the long-term control of MTB infection.

Are Myd88 mice good for TLR deficiency?

MyD88-deficient mice have been used extensively as a model for TLR deficiency and are susceptible to a large variety of bacterial pathogens or parasites [15,16]. However, these mice also lack the ability to signal through IL-1R family members.

What is the structure of the MYD88 complex?

This oligomerization of MyD88 was apparent in early overexpression studies [8], but the complex formed by MyD88 DDs and IRAK DD was crystallized only recently [38]. This structure, termed the Myddosome [39], is composed of a ring of six MyD88 DDs that serve as a seed for assembly of a ring of four IRAK4 DDs and ultimately four IRAK2 DDs in a helix.