What are the cytological techniques?

Cytological techniques are methods used in the study or manipulation of cells. These include methods used in cell biology to culture, track, phenotype, sort and screen cells in populations or tissues, and molecular methods to understand cellular function.

What is cytological preparation?

In general, aspirate smears, needle rinses and cell blocks, alone or in combination, are prepared from a given sample. Aspirate Smears A close attention to smearing technique is required to maximize the diagnostic yield if aspirate smears are pre- ferred.

What is cytology treatment?

What is cytology? Cytology is the exam of a single cell type, as often found in fluid specimens. It’s mainly used to diagnose or screen for cancer. It’s also used to screen for fetal abnormalities, for pap smears, to diagnose infectious organisms, and in other screening and diagnostic areas.

What is cytology fixative used for?

Cytological fixatives must fix and dry any smear or swab specimen quickly and reliably so that rapid staining suitable for immediate diagnosis can be achieved. The focus is on the preservation of the cytoskeleton structure and cell shapes.

What is cytology fixative?

Cytology Fixative covers cells with a tough, soluble film that protects cell morphology for microscopic examination. It is water and alcohol soluble, environmentally friendly and extremely economical.

What are the most important tools of cytology?

The most famous ones are FNA, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and needle aspiration biopsy cytology (NABC). All of them mean the same thing; aspirating cellular material using a fine needle to make a diagnosis.

How do you perform a cytology test?

A urine cytology test requires a urine sample, which you provide by urinating into a sterile container. In some cases, a urine sample is collected using a thin, hollow tube (catheter) that’s inserted into your urethra and moved up to your bladder.

What equipment is used in cytology?

Microscopes, vortex, and centrifuge are maintained daily, or as used.

What are the different types of fixatives used in cytology?

Fixation and Fixatives (3) – Fixing Agents Other than the Common Aldehydes

• Acrolein. Acrolein or acrylic aldehyde (H2C=CH.
• Glyoxal. Glyoxal or diformyl (CHO.
• Osmium tetroxide.
• Carbodiimides:
• Other cross-linking agents.
• Mercuric chloride.
• Zinc salts.
• Picric acid.

What is the most common fixative used in histology?

formaldehyde
1. Phosphate buffered formalin. The most widely used formaldehyde-based fixative for routine histopathology.

Which fixative is best used for cytology?

Abstract. Ninety-five percent (95%) ethanol is the standard cytological fixative used in many laboratories. Commercially available ethanol is expensive and not freely available in some institutions. Methanol, a tissue dehydrant, is also known to be a cytological fixative.

What are cytological techniques in microbiology?

Cytological Techniques. Cells are transparent and optically homogeneous organisations. They can be observed either directly or after preservation. For direct observation, the specimen needs sufficient contrast.

What is the cell block technique?

Abstract Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information.

What is the role of cytology in the future of Medicine?

In the CBs, the cytological material is preserved for future use, which is a tremendous advantage in the era of targeted therapy and biobanking. The CB is thus central to the future of cytology: more can be done with less material and with less invasiveness to the patient.

What is the CB technique in histology?

Objective: The cell block (CB) technique refers to the processing of sediments, blood clots, or grossly visible tissue fragments from cytological specimens into paraffin blocks that can be cut and stained by the same methods used for histopathology. The technique brings additional tissue architectural information.