What causes Schmallenberg?

Schmallenberg is spread by Culicoides sp midges of the obsoletus complex. It does not spread directly from animal to animal, Its spread is closely linked to the numbers of midges, which typically peak in late summer/early autumn (August/September) and drop sharply once frosts begin.

How can the Schmallenberg virus be prevented?

Postpone tupping until after late autumn when temperatures drop. If the risk period of pregnancy occurs outside the midge season there is a reduced chance of problems. 2. Stagger breeding over a wider period to help spread the risk.

What causes bluetongue?

Bluetongue disease is caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV) in the genus Orbivirus (family Reoviridae, subfamily Sedoreovirinae), which infects ruminants, notably sheep and cattle.

Is there a vaccine for Schmallenberg?

What is Zulvac SBV? Zulvac SBV is a veterinary vaccine used to protect cattle and sheep from 3.5 months of age against Schmallenberg virus by reducing viraemia (presence of virus in the blood). Schmallenberg virus is transmitted by midges and causes stillbirths and birth defects in cattle and sheep.

How is Schmallenberg virus spread?

Observational studies revealed that the virus is transmitted via insect vectors, mainly midges. The virus has been identified in pools of heads of Culicoides obsoletus and Culicoides dewulfi. Animal to animal transmission has been excluded at this stage.

Does schmallenberg cause abortion?

In affected herds, SBV infection has been associated with diarrhea, fever, and decreased milk production. Although symptoms are generally mild and short-lived in adult ruminants, SBV infections can result in widespread abortions and developmental malformations in newborn domestic ruminant livestock.

What virus causes bluetongue?

Bluetongue is caused by the pathogenic virus, Bluetongue virus (BTV), of the genus Orbivirus, of the Reoviridae family.

How do you test for bluetongue?

Definitive diagnosis of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection, often subclinical in domestic and wild ruminant relies heavily on laboratory techniques for BTV isolation and demonstration of BTV antigens, viral nucleic acids and antibodies.

What is cache poisoning?

Cache poisoning is a type of cyber attack in which attackers insert fake information into a domain name system (DNS) cache or web cache for the purpose of harming users. In DNS cache poisoning or DNS spoofing, an attacker diverts traffic from a legitimate server to a malicious/dangerous server.

What are the symptoms of Schmallenberg disease?

Schmallenberg produces fever, diarrhoea and loss of milk production in adult cattle, though the animals recover after a few days. In adult sheep, infection is apparently symptomless.

What is Schmallenberg virus and how can it be tackled?

As Schmallenberg virus is confirmed on 83 farms in the UK, our environment correspondent Richard Black looks at what the virus is, what it does and how it can be tackled. What is Schmallenberg virus? Schmallenberg virus is a disease of farm animals that was first seen last year in northern Europe.

What are the symptoms of norovirus illness?

If you have norovirus illness, you can feel extremely ill, and vomit or have diarrhea many times a day. This can lead to dehydration, especially in young children, older adults, and people with other illnesses. Children who are dehydrated may cry with few or no tears and be unusually sleepy or fussy.