What does Phlyctenular mean?

Phlyctenular definition (medicine) Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules. Phlyctenular ophthalmia.

What causes Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis?

Inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea induced by microbial antigens. Causative organisms include: Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia sp. Candida albicans and parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale).

What is vernal keratoconjunctivitis?

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a seasonally recurring, bilateral, and severe form of allergic inflammation affecting the ocular surface. This relatively uncommon type of allergic eye disease can cause severe damage to the ocular surface, leading to corneal scarring and vision loss if not treated properly.

Which drugs are used in the treatment of Phlyctenular conjunctivitis?

Chlamydia induced phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis should be treated with azithromycin or doxycycline. Patients with positive tuberculin tests should be referred to receive proper systemic treatment of tuberculosis. Close contacts should also be evaluated and treated fittingly.

Is Phlyctenular conjunctivitis painful?

The condition occurs as a result of an immune system overreaction to a pathogen, such as a bacterium, fungus, or parasite. PK may cause inflammatory nodules to develop on the cornea and conjunctiva. The symptoms may include eye pain, excessive tearing, and sensitivity to light.

Is Pataday a mast cell stabilizer?

Olopatadine 0.01% (Patanol, Pataday, Pazeo) possesses antihistaminic activity and mast cell stabilizing effects.

What is Hypopyon corneal ulcer?

Hypopyon is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye. It is an exudate rich in white blood cells, seen in the anterior chamber, usually accompanied by redness of the conjunctiva and the underlying episclera.

Is vernal keratoconjunctivitis curable?

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) generally resolves spontaneously after puberty without any further symptoms or visual complications.

How long does vernal keratoconjunctivitis last?

While it is considered a long-term disease with an average duration of 4–8 years, VKC generally subsides before or just after puberty [1, 2, 4]. It can persist or reactivate after puberty, however, a VKC-like disease has been found in young adults without any history of allergic disease in childhood [9].

What is Phlyctenular keratitis?

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is a nodular inflammation of the cornea or conjunctiva that results from a hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign antigen.

Which histologic findings are characteristic of phlyctenular disease?

The pathologic findings of a phlyctenule are lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells. In the most acute stages, during which cell death occurs, polymorphonuclear cells are also found. Follicles, eosinophils, and giant cells are absent. A number of immunopathologic investigations of phlyctenular disease have been reported.

How is phlyctenular disease differentiated from nodular bulbar conjunctival lesions?

A clear-cut diagnosis of phlyctenular disease may be difficult, as in the case of this 25-year-old man with a nodular bulbar conjunctival lesion and two active corneal infiltrates. Helpful differentiating features include an area of clear cornea between the limbus and infiltrates and the lack of conjunctival nodule necrosis.

What are the possible complications of phlyctenular nodules?

Phlyctenular nodules can lead to ulceration, scarring and mild to moderate vision loss. Although rare, corneal perforation is possible as well.

What are the signs and symptoms of phlyctenular disease?

Facial telangectasia and nasal changes Usually inferior limbal vascularization and scarring Fig. 7. A clear-cut diagnosis of phlyctenular disease may be difficult, as in the case of this 25-year-old man with a nodular bulbar conjunctival lesion and two active corneal infiltrates.