What are Lgr5 cells?

LGR5 are well-established stem cell markers in certain types of tissue, wholly due to the fact that they are highly enriched in truly, multipotent stem cells compared to their immediate progeny, the transit-amplifying cells.

What are human Organoids?

Organoids are three-dimensional structures fabricated in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or adult tissue stem cells via a process of self-organization that results in the formation of organ-specific cell types.

What is crypt cell?

Crypt cells of the small intestine provide stem cells for renewal of the intestinal epithelium, which turns over each 3 to 4 days. Xenobiotics that target rapidly dividing cells result in epithelial villus atrophy. Specific biomarkers for small intestinal mucosal injury are limited.

What is the function of CD62L?

The regulation of CD62L plays a pivotal role in controlling the traffic of T lymphocytes to and from peripheral lymph nodes. CD62L is shed from the cell membrane following T cell activation, however, the physiological significance of this event remains to be elucidated.

What is ligand of CD44?

Hyaluronan (HA) HA is a glycosaminoglycan that is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular membrane. It is considered the major ligand for CD44 and can bind CD44v isoforms that are ubiquitously expressed.

What do organoids do?

An organoid is a 3D multicellular in vitro tissue construct that mimics its corresponding in vivo organ, such that it can be used to study aspects of that organ in the tissue culture dish.

What is organoids culture?

Organoid culture is a tissue culture method to grow functional 3D organoids from a group of cells and combination of various biochemical factors.

Do enterocytes divide?

Cells in the enterocyte lineage divide several more times as they are pushed out of the crypts, actively migrate onto and along the villi, differentiate further into the mature absorptive cells that express all the transport proteins and enzymes characteristic of those cells.

What is Lgr5 and why does it matter?

Tracing has revealed that LGR5 is a marker of adult intestinal stem cells. The high turnover rate of the intestinal lining is due to a dedicated population of stem cells found at the base of the intestinal crypt.

Is LGR5 a marker of Wnt-regulated adult stem cells?

However, the 7-transmembrane receptor, Lgr5 has recently gained prominence as a marker of Wnt-regulated adult stem cell populations in the hair-follicle, intestine and stomach. A closely-related protein, Lgr6 marks adult stem cells responsible for fueling the renewal of the sebaceous gland and skin.

Is LGR5 a receptor for bone morphogenetic protein antagonists?

Therefore, LGR5 might be a receptor for a member of the large family of bone morphogenetic protein antagonists. Moreover, R-spondin proteins were shown to interact with the extracellular domain of LRG5. The LGR5 / R-spondin complex acts by binding and subsequently internalizing RNF43 and ZNRF3.

How does the LGR5/R-spondin complex work?

The LGR5 / R-spondin complex acts by binding and subsequently internalizing RNF43 and ZNRF3. RNF43 and ZNRF3 are transmembrane E3 ligases that negatively regulate wnt signaling by ubiquitinating frizzled receptors. Thereby, R-spondin binding to LGR5 potentiates wnt signaling.